Isbe, originally published 1915 gives a good overview of the issues in its article on urim and thummim that relate to your four specific questions. The urim and thummim divination kit is the only functional system for using the urim and thummim in conjunction with the breastplate of judgment in existence today. Archaeological and historical evidence urim and thummim. On the high priests ephod an apronlike garment lay a breastpiece a pouch inlaid with 12 precious stones engraved with the names of the 12 tribes of israel that held the urim and thummim ex.
Nobody knows exactly what the ancient hebrew urim and thummim were. What the urim and thummim were cannot be determined with any certainty. The first reference to urim and thummim in the bible is found in the book of exodus in connection to the high priests garments and you shall put in the breastplate of judgment the urim and the thummim, and they shall be over aarons heart when he goes in before the lord ch. King james bible dictionary reference list thummim. You shall put in the breastpiece of judgment the urim and the thummim, and they shall be over aarons heart when he goes in before the lord. Hoshen stones ring 12 bible tribes of israel jerusalem jewish sizeus11. In 1995, urim and thummim software appeared on the market based on a kabbalistic book of the same name and designed to help people find answers to questions and problems arising in. Baker book house company, grand rapids, michigan usa. Who created the urim and thummim mentioned in the scriptures. Urim and thummim the church of jesus christ of latterday saints. Book of mormontranslationurim and thummim fairmormon.
Entry for urim and thummim thompson chain reference one of 6 bible concordances freely available, this timeless classic, with over 3,700 entries, is the concordance guide for serious students. The idea that the book of mormon and other revelations by the urim and thummim were received as visions is consistent not only with witness accounts but also with the way the bible and book of mormon portray the revelation of new scripture to ancient seers such as isaiah, amos, micah, ezekiel, john, and lehi. Bruce waltkes excellent book which i highly recommend, entitled, finding the will of god pp. Joseph smith used it in translating the book of mormon and in obtaining other revelations. The international standard bible encyclopedia 1999. Many latter day saints believe that the urim and thummim of joseph smith and the book of mormon were the functional equivalent of the urim and thummim mentioned in the old testament. Urim and thummim international standard bible encyclopaedia.
For each quote, you can also see the other characters and themes related to it each theme is indicated by its own dot and icon, like this one. The church teaches that the book of mormon was translated by the gift and power of god using the urim and thummim. In the hebrew bible, the urim and the thummim are elements of the hoshen, the breastplate. One side was called urim, from arar, to curse, the other thummim, from tamam, to be perfect. Dictionaries bakers evangelical dictionary of biblical theology urim and thummim. Learn the ancient languages of the original bible, the torah, and dive into the scriptures to learn the. The urim and thummim were a means of revelation entrusted to the high priest.
The history concerning the urim and thummim, or interpreters as they are called in the book of mormon, 29 is not very clear. Heres probably the best word on the urim and thummim. What did the interpreters urim and thummim look like. Exodus is the first of the biblical passages to mention the ut, and they. A very convenient summary is given by kirkpatrick in the first book of samuel, pp. Urim and thummim thompson chain reference bible concordance. Since the urim and thummim were kept in the high priestly breastpiece which was attached to the ephod, a simple reference to the ephod can indicate a reference to. All we certainly know is that they were a certain divinelygiven means by which god imparted, through the high priest, direction and counsel to israel when these were needed. The term urim and thummim was applied to both the nephite interpreters that were recovered with the plates, and joseph smiths own seer stone. The mysterious words urim and thummim are introduced in the scriptures for the first time as if they. Also the verb inquire of followed by the lord or god when no means of revelation is specified refers to a usage of the urim and thummim. Entry for urim and thummim faussets bible dictionary one of 28 bible dictionaries freely available, this book, with a clear and concise writing style, stands as one of the best dictionaries ever written.
Oct 20, 2015 the usage of the urim and thummim has proven baffling to scholars as the bible contains no description of their usage or even a description of the object itself. He had a urim and thummim by which he was enabled to discern all things pertaining to the ark, and its pattern. They are first mentioned in the description of the breastplate of judgment exodus 28. Nov 14, 2019 the biblical urum and thummim is a different instrument from the 2 crystals in silver bows found in the stone box and the seer stone found on willard chases property in 1823 i think it is. The thummim consisted of twelve stones extraordinary in largeness and beauty, as described by josephus, in his book antiquity of the jews, book three, chapter seven. The names of several of the jews who had returned from babylon were not found in the registry of priests, and we read in ezra 2. Abraham had the urim and thummim by which he received revelations of. The urim and thummim were the only prescribed method of divination authorized in the bible, and the high priest used them to obtain guidance from god. In the bible, the urim and thummim can only answer yes and no. The earliest reference to urim and thummim in the hebrew bible is that aaron carried them with him as high priest.
Urim and thummim were two objects that the most important priest kept in a pocket on his ephod. The the alchemist quotes below all refer to the symbol of urim and thummim. The urim and thummim doctrines of salvation volume 3 chapter 11 coming forth of book of mormon. Sep 03, 2018 in 1995, urim and thummim software appeared on the market based on a kabbalistic book of the same name and designed to help people find answers to questions and problems arising in their daily lives. The symbol of urim and thummim in the alchemist from. Urim and thummim definition and meaning bible dictionary. Jan 02, 2020 references to the urim and thummim are rare in the bible. We find another direct reference to both the urim and the thummim in the book of ezra, describing the time after the destruction of the first temple and before the erection and completion of the second temple. This earth in its celestial condition will be a urim and thummim, and.
The method by which this was done can be only a matter of mere conjecture. Sometimes the mention of the ephod on which the breastpiece housing the urim and thummim were fastened includes a reference to the urim and thummim 1 sam 23. Each stone had the name of a tribe of israel engraved on it. Though josephus sets the date for the obsolescence of the urim and thummim at 200 years before his time, in the days of john hyrcanus ant. The general consensus is that it is binary lots drawn from the breastplate to give yes or no answers see gesenius hebrewchaldee lexicon, urim and as far as blind. Urim and thummim faussets bible dictionary bible dictionary. Urim and thummim encyclopedia of the bible bible gateway.
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