Amazingly it took him just six weeks from receipt of plans to trials in xge mode. Wing in ground effect vehicles wig are an emerging technology that provide a surface transport utility that is between aircraft and existing marine craft, in terms of speed, cost capital and running and load carrying capacity. Novel and emerging vehicle and vehicle technology concepts. I just like their designs, and tried to recreate their ep 15, as close as i could do. Caspian sea monster and other wig craft russias ekranoplans.
Although little power is required to fly in ground. Download pdf craft in transition free online new books. Wig wing in ground effect craft in military and paramilitary applications the hoverwing concept a new generation of high speed marine craft nato conference rtoavt symposium april 7. A groundeffect vehicle gev, also called a wing in groundeffect wig, groundeffect craft, wingship or ekranoplan russian. The rise of breweries and distilleries in the united states palgrave macmillan carol kline, susan l. In fact the large 300 foot russian ekranoplan was lost this way. Wing in ground effect wig craft russian ekranoplans offers a new transport solution somewhere between boat and aircraft and may revolutionize the future fast sea transportation in terms of its characteristics. What all that boils down to is that if you must operate in.
The problem of winginground effect most affective use in wigcraft flight by minimization of the. Several designs were considered during concept evolution. Winginground wig effect aircraft were being tested as early as the 1930s, most notably by the german firm of dornier. The ekranoplan or, wingingroundeffect craft is neither fish not fowl, as they say. This is a typical operating condition for wing in ground effect wig craft in the proximity of the ground. Changes to the fore and aft pitch of this type of ground effect crafts is damped at the trailing edge, through the air under the wings resistance to further compression. Apr 27, 2006 wig craft on the border of two elements duration. Request pdf wig craft and ekranoplan the structural configuration of a wig comprises the same key elements as an aircraft in particular a flying boat, see fig. Although they might look similar to regular aircraft, and.
Many researchers have had some successful attempts to develop wig crafts that fly near sea surface. The trick of ekranoplan design is choosing a combination of wingtail aerofoils, sizes and locations to. The lunclass ekranoplan is a ground effect vehicle gev designed by rostislav evgenievich alexeyev in 1975 and used by the soviet and russian navies from 1987 until sometime in the late 1990s it flew using the lift generated by the ground effect of its large wings when within about four metres ft above the surface of the water. This creates a dynamic cushion, which lifts the craft clear of the surface. Winginground effect vehicles 3 moore, wilson, peters. A winginground wig craft is a marine craft equipped with wings which. Novel highperformance marine vehicles, such as the air cushion vehicle acv, surface effect ship ses, highspeed monohull craft mhc, catamaran cat, hydrofoil craft hyc, wavepiercing. Faa regulations federal aviation administrationfaa says. Ground effect craft technology 2010 by yun, liang, bliault, alan, doo, johnny isbn. More recently some people used a genetic algorithm to generate wig foils, and they came out without any reflex. Aerodynamic characteristics of wing of wig catamaran vehicle.
Attkinvest ekranoplan wig craft projects passenger ekranoplan aquaglide30 passenger ekranoplan aquaglide30. It flew using the lift generated by the ground effect of its large wings when within about four metres ft above the surface of the water. Ground effect craft technology provides a comprehensive overview of the design, development and building of wig vessels. Shape optimization of an airfoil in ground effect for. Interim guidelines for winginground wig craft were approved by the maritime safety committee at its 76th session in december 2002 as msccirc. Everyday low prices and free delivery on eligible orders. For higher speed it is better to remove the skirt altogether. Attkinvest ekranoplan wig craft projects passenger ekranoplan aquaglide30 passenger ekranoplan aquaglide30 is the ekranoplan of type a according the imo classification, designed for transportation 28 passengers at the distance 700km 378nm at the speed of 200220kmh 110 kts. Computational aerodynamics and flight stability of winginground. Figure 1 is the russian caspian sea monster wig craft in full ground effect flight carrying perhaps twice the payload as in wingborne flight. Wig craft and ekranoplan liang yun alan bliault johnny doo wig craft and ekranoplan ground effect craft technology 123 liang yun marine design and research institute of china maric 1688 xizhang nan road 200011 shanghai peoples republic of china email protected alan bliault as norske shell 4098 tananger norway email protected johnny doo teledyne continental motors 2039 broad. Wig craft and ekranoplan ground effect craft technology. The interim guidelines are intended to provide as much guidance as possible to those involved in the design. Wig craft and ekranoplan ground effect craft technology liang.
The above consideration is also tightly related to safety issues during bank turns theres always a slight bank during turns of a wig craft. An introduction to ekranoplans and wing in ground effect vehicles. These advantages make wig craft attractive for many. Ekranoplan vs lippisch hoverwing wig craft technology. A practical guide to building ekranoplan wig models graham k taylor independent consultant, england. The elegant design of the ekranoplan resembling the configuration of the aircraft and high quality paining make it look very attractive. What we have left is a wig, a dynamic hovercraft without the need of a heavy skirt, or lift engines. Small fast wig vessel challenges highspeed marine transport market. Ekranoplan aka wigcraft high speed flying boat bd12gd. Wig rides above the surface like an airplane on a dynamic air cushion that is produced by the vessels forward motion. Other names used are the ekranoplan this is a russian name that means a lifting surface close to a ground plane, flaircraft, wingship, hoverwing, winginsurfaceeffect ships or wises, poweraugmented winginground effect craft or parwig, dynamic air cushion craft or dacc, dynamic air cushion winginground effect craft or dacwig, and the. Design of a hoverwing aircraft a project presented to the faculty of. The ekranoplan program and other commercial wig wing in groundeffect projects were effectively scuttled by the discovery that rogue waves were not only real but much more common than had been believed, rendering cargo or passenger wig vehicles at risk of destruction due to their inability to climb out of ground effect, where either a ship or. Ekranoplan vs lippisch in sharp contrast with the design of the lippisch reverse delta wing planform, the ekranoplan type ground effect vessels are all square planform vessels.
A view of the present state of research in aero and hydrodynamics of ekranoplans 2 rozhdestvensky. Manual calculation of takeoff weight sensitivities 14. Stripped down, it is a very simple concept comprising an aerodynamic hull form, an air propulsor and a rudder. The aircraft was designed around the idea known as winginground effect, which basically allowed for an increased weight aircraft to utilized the lowaltitude lift over water for increased range and better fuel economy. The ekranoplan was unique in that it a was a successful design attempt that was used operationally and b it relied on turbojet power, something not afforded the systems of earlier attempts. Wigcraft flight control concept for the waved sea eucass. With our online resources, you can find user interface design book by pearson education or just about any type of ebooks, for any type of product. When you climb out of ground effect the nose tends to rise and the aircraft can do a back flip as seen on hydroplanes. Click download or read online button to craft in transition book pdf for free now. A groundeffect vehicle gev, also called a wingingroundeffect wig, groundeffect craft, wingship or ekranoplan russian. Nov 11, 2017 more recently some people used a genetic algorithm to generate wig foils, and they came out without any reflex.
Part of theaerospace engineering commons, and themechanical engineering commons. Take two wig crafts, one wig a with ar 6 say, a 6 m span wing, 1 m chord, and the other one wig b with ar 1 say, 3 m span, 2 m chord. You will be glad to know that right now user interface design book by pearson education pdf is available on our online library. So the story goes that by the time you add the gigantic rear wing and all the extra power that there isnt much gain in efficiency in addition to the stability problems. Wingingroundeffect craft making use of a dynamic air cushion are vehicles operating in close proximity to a supporting surface. Ekranoplan aka wigcraft high speed flying boat bd12gdby. Wig craft and ekranoplan liang yun alan bliault johnny doowig craft and ekranoplan ground effect craft technolo. Wig craft is more fuel efficient than other general aviation and transport aircrafts and has relatively very short takeoff distance. Pdf the design of a fourseat reverse delta wig craft. This work led to ground effect craft suitable for highspeed coastal patrol, though in limited sea conditions.
Aerodynamic characteristics of wing of wig catamaran. This is usually water, but basically it makes no difference whether a wig craft is operating over water or over land provided that the ground surface is sufficiently even and flat. Questioning airfoil design of wig craft page 2 boat. The wig concept can be demonstrated by skimming a playing card across a table. A great range of wing in ground effect craft wigs have been. Download pdf craft in transition free online new books in. Wig catamaran, wing in ground effect, aerodynamic characters, naca 6409, cfd analysis. The lunclass ekranoplan is a ground effect vehicle gev designed by rostislav evgenievich alexeyev in 1975 and used by the soviet and russian navies from 1987 until sometime in the late 1990s. In the last halfcentury, highspeed water transportation has developed rapidly.
Alan bliault is the author of wig craft and ekranoplan 4. This fine craft was made by terry elliott in england. The trick of ekranoplan design is choosing a combination of wingtail aerofoils, sizes and locations to give automatic stability. Wing in ground effect wig craft is a type of aircraft which takesoff and lands with very small ground clearance compared to other transport aircrafts. Wing in ground vehicles operating as highspeed passenger ferries. Ground effect craft technology will be of interest to naval engineers, aviation engineers, naval architects, and mechanical engineers interested in the development and research of wing in ground wig and high performance marine vehicles. Aamv transport efficiency comparison to existing marine craft modified from almeter 2008 furthermore, the imo regulatory framework for type b wig allows these craft to be constructed, operated and maintained in accordance with maritime regulations, avoiding a much costlier involvement with civil aviation authorities. The adoption of wig has been slow due to the complicated technology issues surrounding the vessel. When the ekranoplan is moving at cruising speed the other ships, yachts and boats in the background look like static models. Download craft in transition ebook pdf or read online books in pdf, epub, and mobi format. Keywords winginground effect craft, wig, ekranoplan, aircraft design, rc. Ekranoplan wig craft ekranoplans surface plane and seaplanes are waterborne platforms that take advantage ofthe broad water surface for takeoff and landing. At the beginning of 1970s, russian engineers bartini. It is a pdf file that can be found on the wikipedia page on ground effect craft.
Novel highperformance marine vehicles, such as the air cushion vehicle acv, surface effect ship ses, highspeed monohull craft mhc, catamaran cat, hydrofoil craft hyc, wavepiercing craft wpc and small water area twin hull craft swath have all developed as concepts, achieving varying degrees of. Faa regulations federal aviation administrationfaa says that. Faa regulations federal aviation administrationfaa says that ground effect machines gems, such as wigs, hovercraft, flarecraft, and similar surface effect vehicles fall outside their jurisdiction for regulation certification, licensing, etc. This volume focuses on this littleknown technology of wig craft which uses the cushion of air when flying at low altitudes to cancel out drag, theoretically at least making them more efficient than conventional aircraft. Maneuverability of wig vehicles near other craft or quay side is difficult due to their protruding wings. Pdf aerodynamics study of wig craft near curved ground. Yun l, bliault a, doo j 2010 wig craft and ekranoplan. The lunclass ekranoplan floatplane was one of the most distinct designs to emerge from the cold war.
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